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Biology · Topic 24

Plant reproduction: fruits, seeds and germination

Sub-topic 1 2025 · National One-Eighth Free

Edible parts of fruits: pericarp layers

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Sub-topic 2 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

Edible parts of fruits: pericarp layers

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Sub-topic 3 2025 · National One-Eighth Premium

True and false fruits: classification of fruit types

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Sub-topic 4 2025 · National One-Eighth Premium

Ovule structure and seed development

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Sub-topic 5 2021 · National Preliminary Premium

Seed structure: the hilum

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Sub-topic 6 2021 · National Preliminary Premium

Removal of germination inhibitors from a seed in nature

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Sub-topic 7 2021 · National Preliminary Premium

The embryonal axis of a dicot seed: radicle and plumule

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Sub-topic 8 2024 · National One-Eighth Premium

Seed dispersal mode favoured by dense, heavy fruits

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Sub-topic 9 2024 · Regional Championship Premium

Liquid endosperm as the biological identity of coconut water

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Sub-topic 10 2025 · National One-Eighth Premium

The funicle: the stalk attaching the ovule and seed to the placenta

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Sub-topic 11 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The coleorhiza: protective sheath covering the radicle

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Sub-topic 12 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The scutellum: the single shield-shaped cotyledon of the wheat grain embryo

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Sub-topic 13 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

What viviparity is not: hypogeal/epigeal germination and parthenocarpy (true/false)

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Sub-topic 14 2013 · National Preliminary Premium

Birds as dispersers of brightly coloured fleshy fruit seeds

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Sub-topic 15 2013 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Double fertilization produces a triploid endosperm nucleus (true/false)

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Sub-topic 16 2013 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Double fertilization triploid endosperm (true/false, detailed repeat)

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Sub-topic 17 2017 · National Semifinal Premium

Biological importance of seed dormancy

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Sub-topic 18 2018 · National Preliminary Premium

The caryopsis (grain), a one-seeded fruit fused to its seed coat

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Sub-topic 19 2018 · National Preliminary Premium

Identifying drupes by their stony endocarp

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Sub-topic 20 2018 · National Preliminary Premium

The fleshy mesocarp as the edible part of mango fruit

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Sub-topic 21 2021 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Riddle: dispersal, the biological process spreading seeds away from the parent plant

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Sub-topic 22 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The edible part of groundnut is the cotyledon

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Sub-topic 23 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The edible part of mango is the mesocarp

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Sub-topic 24 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The edible part of a banana is its mesocarp and endocarp

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Sub-topic 25 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The edible part of a coconut is the endosperm

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Sub-topic 26 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

The fleshy part of a true fruit derives from the ovary wall

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