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Mathematics · Topic 9

Number theory

Sub-topic 1 2025 · National One-Eighth Free

Expressing $193$, $145$ and $157$ as sums of two squares of natural numbers

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Sub-topic 2 2026 · National Preliminary Premium

Expressing $125$ as the sum of two square numbers

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Sub-topic 3 2025 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddle: identifying a three-digit number from digit clues

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Sub-topic 4 2024 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddle: an odd square between $100$ and $200$ with a prime base

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Sub-topic 5 2024 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddles identifying prime numbers from their divisibility property

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Sub-topic 6 2025 · National Semifinal Premium

Counting the odd three-digit palindromes $\overline{aba}$ whose digits sum to $11$

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Sub-topic 7 2024 · National One-Eighth Premium

Verifying congruences such as $15\equiv-13\pmod{14}$ (true/false)

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Sub-topic 8 2024 · Regional Championship Premium

Divisibility of the factors when the product $mn$ is divisible by $4$ (true/false)

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Sub-topic 9 2024 · Regional Championship Premium

Riddle: identifying a year (four-digit number) from digit-sum and primality clues

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Sub-topic 10 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: $1357$ from digit-identity and arithmetic-sequence clues

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Sub-topic 11 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: the number $2$, the only even prime

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Sub-topic 13 2003 · National Semifinal Premium

Finding the base $b$ for which $732-81=661$

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Sub-topic 14 2003 · National Semifinal Premium

Clock time $42$ hours after eight o'clock (modular arithmetic)

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Sub-topic 15 2003 · National Semifinal Premium

Clock time $63$ hours after four o'clock (modular arithmetic)

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Sub-topic 16 2003 · National Semifinal Premium

Riddle: an exact square whose reverse is $12^2$ and whose digit sum is divisible by $9$

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Sub-topic 17 2012 · National Preliminary Premium

Finding the base $n$ when $34_n=28_{10}$

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Sub-topic 18 2012 · National Preliminary Premium

Finding the base $n$ when $57_n=67_{10}$

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Sub-topic 19 2013 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Finding $n$ in $(3\times10^5)\div(8\times10^{-3})=3.75\times10^n$

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Sub-topic 20 2013 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Finding $n$ in $(7.5\times10^{-4})\div(0.25\times10^{-7})=3.0\times10^n$

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Sub-topic 21 2013 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Standard form of $0.0000325\times10^{-7}$

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Sub-topic 22 2014 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Finding the base $n$ when $215_n-126_n=56_n$

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Sub-topic 23 2014 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Finding the base $n$ when $215_n+126_n=343_n$

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Sub-topic 24 2014 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Finding the base $n$ when $315_n+574_n=1000_n$

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Sub-topic 25 2016 · National One-Eighth Premium

Finding the next prime number after $173$

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Sub-topic 26 2016 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddle: a two-digit even number with prime digits differing by $5$

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Sub-topic 27 2016 · National One-Eighth Premium

Counting the significant figures in $350$

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Sub-topic 28 2018 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: a four-digit odd palindrome $abba$ where $b^2=a$

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Sub-topic 29 2019 · National Preliminary Premium

Finding the prime numbers between $80$ and $90$

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Sub-topic 30 2019 · National Preliminary Premium

Finding the base $n$ when $123_n=38_{10}$

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Sub-topic 32 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: $1089$, a four-digit odd number with digit sum $18$

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Sub-topic 33 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: the number $2$, the only even prime that partitions the integers

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Sub-topic 34 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: $1357$, digits forming an arithmetic sequence of primes starting from $1$

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Sub-topic 35 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

If $a+b$ is even, are $a$ and $b$ both even? (true/false)

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Sub-topic 36 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

If $ab$ is odd, are $a$ and $b$ both odd? (true/false)

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Sub-topic 37 2023 · National Preliminary Premium

If $ab$ is even, is at least one of $a$, $b$ even? (true/false)

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Sub-topic 38 2023 · Regional Championship Premium

Riddle: $48$, a two-digit number with digit sum $12$ where one digit divides the other

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Sub-topic 41 2025 · National Preliminary Premium

Expressing $265$ as a sum of two squares

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Sub-topic 41 2024 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddle: an odd square between $100$ and $200$ whose square root is prime

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Sub-topic 42 2026 · National Preliminary Premium

Riddle: a three-digit odd number between $100$ and $200$ with last digit $7$ and digit sum $11$

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Sub-topic 43 2025 · National Quarterfinal Premium

Expressing $29$ as a difference of two squares

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Sub-topic 44 2026 · National Preliminary Premium

Expressing $29$ as a difference of two squares (second contest)

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Sub-topic 45 2024 · National One-Eighth Premium

Expressing $43$ as a difference of two squares

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Sub-topic 46 2026 · National One-Eighth Premium

Expressing $47$, $61$ and $71$ as differences of two squares

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Sub-topic 47 2025 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddle: a three-digit number between $300$ and $400$ from square-digit clues

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Sub-topic 48 2023 · National One-Eighth Premium

Riddle: $729$, an odd three-digit number that is both a square and a cube

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